This edition of the Industrial Bioprocessing TOE features an innovative enzyme-based approach for the treatment of pulp and paper wastewater and sludge, development of decanter centrifuges for the cost-effective de-inking of paper sludge in pulp and paper industry, and the use of novel bacterial strains for the conversion of sludge organic compound...

Coenzyme Q10 also known as ubiquinone, is a fat-soluble vitamin-like compound, which acts as a cofactor and is required by large and complex enzymes to carry out their functions. CoQ10 is available in three redox states: fully oxidized (ubiquinone), semiquinone (ubisemiquinone), and fully reduced (ubiquinol), of which ubiquinone is the most widely-...

Magnesium is the second most essential mineral and functions as a cofactor in more than 300 enzyme reactions that regulate various biochemical functions, including muscle and nerve contractions, blood glucose and blood pressure control, and protein synthesis, among others. The mineral is not only essential for maintaining healthy bone and joint he...

Vitamin C, also referred to as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin found naturally in a number of fresh fruits and vegetables. Though primarily known for its nutritional and pharmaceutical health benefits, vitamin C also has strong antioxidant activities. Commercial vitamin C is manufactured through fermentation of glucose. Conventional manuf...

Calcium is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell. The mineral is available in different forms; however, carbonates and citrates are the primary forms used in dietary supplements. Gluconates, lactates, and phosphates are the other forms that have gained a level of inter...

Vitamin E is a group of fat-soluble substances which are structurally and biologically related to the tocopherol family. Naturally, vitamin E exists in eight different forms (alpha-, beta-, delta-, and gamma- tocopherols and tocotrienols); however, alpha-tocopherols are the most used form due to their high biological activity. Although, vitamin E...

This edition of the Industrial Bioprocessing TOE features trends and innovations in bio-filtration, biofuel and dietary supplements production. The TOE also focuses on a textile dyeing process and a sustainable tile manufacturing process. The Industrial Bioprocessing TechVision Opportunity Engine (TOE) provides intelligence on technologies, proces...

Dietary supplements are products that contain an ingredient intended to add nutritional value to the diet. A dietary ingredient may be one substance or any combination of vitamins, minerals, herbal extracts, amino acids, and other substances that supplement the daily diet. This research service provides an overview of the markets for nutraceuticals...

This issue profiles a zero water factory for efficient water management, research that offers potential for production of solar cells from biomass, and an alternative protein-rich diet for pigs.