Macroeconomics

The economies of Europe and Africa are critically evaluated in a regional briefing. The uncertainty of the European recession and growth opportunities in the European and African regions are discussed. Specific attention is paid to the implications of new energy reforms in Europe on economic growth.

Germany and the United Kingdom are gradually emerging from the ongoing Eurozone debt crisis and are expected to post moderate growth in H2 2013. However, despite positive indications, France, Italy and Spain are likely to experience either negative or flat economic growth in 2013. The European Central Bank (ECB) will maintain low interest rates to ...

Romania and Turkey are gaining momentum, projecting positive growth in H2 2013. Eastern Europe is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 2.2 percent in 2013, with the automotive sector being the key for growth. Hungary and Turkey have completed their debt repayments to the IMF, while Ukraine is in the process of completing it. The region is ...

France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and The United Kingdom have been classified as Western European countries in this study. It is assumed that the economy in this region may post a marginal recovery in H1 2014, following a prolonged economic uncertainty. At present, the business sentiment in France is low, due to a poor Purchasing Managers Index. The s...

The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Turkey, and Ukraine have been classified as Emerging European countries. The expectations of favourable fiscal and monetary measures by the government in the Czech Republic and the impressive performance of the automotive and agricultural sectors in Hungary are expected to drive the growth in these coun...

In the future, 81% of the UK population will be living in urban areas. There will be 200 million connected devices, and 1 in 4 British citizens will shop online, representing the highest per capita number in the world. In addition, people over the age of 65 will represent 20% of the population and constitute one of the largest consumer groups with ...

In 2013, Western Europe will not be characterized by an immediate recovery. The region is showing some signs of stability, with growth prospects relying more on external trade. High unemployment levels are expected to affect domestic demand and consumer spending. Germany will heavily influence the region's growth possibilities and recovery, support...